Money died 7 July 2006, one day before his 85th birthday, in Towson, Maryland, of complications from Parkinson's disease. In 2003, the New Zealand Prime Minister, Helen Clark, opened the John Money wing at the Eastern Southland Gallery. In 2002, as his Parkinson's disease worsened, Money donated a substantial portion of his art collection to the Eastern Southland Art Gallery in Gore, New Zealand. Money was also an early supporter of New Zealand's arts, both literary and visual. He received the Magnus Hirschfeld Medal in 2002 from the German Society for Social-Scientific Sexuality Research. At Johns Hopkins, Money was also involved with the Sexual Behaviors Unit, which ran studies on sex-reassignment surgery. The hospital began performing sexual reassignment surgery in 1966. He also established the Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic in 1965 along with Claude Migeon who was the head of pediatric endocrinology at Johns Hopkins. Money was a professor of pediatrics and medical psychology at Johns Hopkins University from 1951 until his death.
No life no money free#
He popularized the term paraphilia (appearing in the DSM-III, which would later replace perversions) and introduced the term sexual orientation in place of sexual preference, arguing that attraction is not necessarily a matter of free choice. Money proposed and developed several theories and related terminology, including gender identity, gender role, gender-identity/role and lovemap. He was married briefly in the 1950s but had no children. He left Pittsburgh and earned his PhD from Harvard University in 1952. In 1947, at the age of 26, he emigrated to the United States to study at the Psychiatric Institute of the University of Pittsburgh. In Frame's autobiography, An Angel at My Table, Money is referred to as John Forrest. In October 1945, after Frame wrote an essay mentioning her thoughts of suicide, John Money facilitated Frame's committal to the psychiatric ward at Dunedin Public Hospital, leading to eight years in psychiatric institutions. Author Janet Frame attended some of Money's classes at the University of Otago as part of her teacher training. Money was a junior member of the psychology faculty at the University of Otago in Dunedin. He attended Hutt Valley High School and initially studied psychology at Victoria University of Wellington, graduating with a double master's degree in psychology and education in 1944. Money was born in Morrinsville, New Zealand, to a family of English and Welsh descent. He was also a patron of many famous New Zealand artists, such as Rita Angus and Theo Schoon. He received around 65 honors, awards and degrees in his lifetime. Money's writing has been translated into many languages and includes around 2,000 articles, books, chapters and reviews.
Recent academic studies have criticized Money's work in many respects, particularly in regard to his involvement with the involuntary sex-reassignment of the child David Reimer, his forcing this child and his brother to simulate sex acts which Money photographed and the adult suicides of both brothers. He spent a considerable amount of his career in the USA. Money introduced the terms gender identity, gender role and sexual orientation and popularised the term paraphilia. He was one of the first researchers to publish theories on the influence of societal constructs of gender on individual formation of gender identity. John William Money (8 July 1921 – 7 July 2006) was a New Zealand psychologist, sexologist and author known for his research into sexual identity and biology of gender and his conduct towards vulnerable patients.
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